Dependency Class
A Dependency object is a value that automatically causes any expression referencing it to update when the dependency value has changed. These objects eliminate the need to manually force cook operators referencing values in Extensions or Storage for example. For information about dependencies in mutable objects (lists, dicts, sets), see Deeply Dependable Collections
Members
val
→ Any
:
The value associated with this object. Referencing this value in an expression will cause the operator to become dependent on its value. Setting this value will cause those operators to be recooked as necessary.
peekVal
→ Any
(Read Only):
This returns the same value as .val but does not create a dependency on the value.
callbacks
→ list
:
A modifiable list of functions. When the Dependency object is modified, it calls each function on the list. Each function is called with a single argument which is a dictionary containing the following:
- 'dependency'- The Dependency that was modified.
- 'prevVal' - The previous value if available.
- 'callback' - This callback function.
ops
→ list
(Read Only):
A list of operators currently dependent on the object.
listAttributes
→ list
(Read Only):
A list of list attributes currently dependent on the object.
Methods
modified()
→ None
:
This call is needed when changing not the value itself, but a subcomponent. For example, if Dependency.val is a dictionary, setting any of the members will not notify the dependent operators. A call to modified is necessary.
setVal(val, setInfo=None)
→ None
:
Sets the value with optional information.
- val - The new value to be set.
- setInfo (Keyword, Optional) - Optional information passed to the modified callback.
[<index or key>]
→ collection value
:
Only when the dependency wraps iterable or mapped data such as a list or dictionary, you can use [] to access the items in the wrapped data.
dep = tdu.Dependency({'fred': 33, 'wilma':39}) print(dep['fred']) # prints "33". The key to the dictionary works directly on the dependency object. dep2 = tdu.Dependency(["a", "d", "g"]) print(dep[2]) # prints "g". The index to the list works directly on the dependency object.
Usage
Consider the following module, used as an extension in a component called comp1
for example
class MyClass:
def __init__(self):
self.Scale = 5
Any expressions that reference Scale
will not update when Scale
is manually changed. For example, if either of these expressions was in the value field of a Constant CHOP, it would not be updated if the Scale
value was updated.
Example:
# using a non-promoted extension
op('comp1').ext.MyClass.Scale
# using a promoted extension
op('comp1').Scale
If you need your references to dynamically update, you can create a Dependency
. Start by defining a tdu.Dependency
as below:
class MyClass:
def __init__(self):
self.Scale = tdu.Dependency(5)
Now there is a cook dependency created between the Scale
value, and the Operator referencing it. There are two ways to reference the value. The first is similar to how we were referencing the value previous:
# using a non-promoted extension
op('comp1').ext.MyClass.Scale
# using a promoted extension
op('comp1').Scale
and the other method is to explicitly call the Scale
's val
:
# use for non-promoted extension
op('comp1').ext.MyClass.Scale.val
# use for a promoted extension
op('comp1').Scale.val
Note the .val
is often not required, as the Dependency object will cast itself to its underlying value in most cases.
To update this value, you must reference the member's val
. A Dependency
value is a type in and of itself and writing the expression below would actually overwrite the Dependency
value with a regular interger and remove the cook dependency from the references:
# wrong way to update dependency of a promoted extension
op('comp1').Scale = 5
What you should do instead is assign the value to the val
of the Dependency
as below:
# correct way to update dependency of a promoted extension
op('comp1').Scale.val = 5
Using this method will update the value of Scale
while keeping the Dependency
intact.
Dictionaries, lists, sets, and other objects with changing contents are called "mutable" objects. If the contents of a mutable object changes, a dependency wrapping it does not automatically register as being modified! You must either use a deeply dependable collection or call the .modified()
function manually as in the example below:
op('comp1').Scale.val = [1,2,3]
op('comp1').Scale.val[1] = 15 # changing the contents doesn't update dependency!
op('comp1').Scale.modified() # this call notifies TouchDesigner that the value has changed
You can create Python callbacks that are called when the dependency object changes:
op('comp1').Scale.callbacks = [print]
# adding a function requires getting the list, changing it, then re-setting it
def prevPrint(info):
print(f'Previous value: {info['prevVal']})
callbacks = op('comp1').Scale.callbacks
callbacks.append(prevPrint)
op('comp1').Scale.callbacks = callbacks
# removing a callback works similarly
callbacks = op('comp1').Scale.callbacks
callbacks.remove(print)
op('comp1').Scale.callbacks = callbacks
TouchDesigner Build: